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G. W. BAIRD. Ventilating Hatohway.

Patented Feb. 1,1881.

Fig. 3.

llrezziol NPETEFS. PHUTO-LITNOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON. I10,

UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE W.BAIRD, OF THEENGINEER CORPS, UNITED STATES NAVY.

VENTI LATlNG-HATCHWAY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 237,233, dated February1, 1881. Application filed December 2, 1880. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, G. W. BAIRD, an officerin the Engineer Corps of the United States Navy, residing in the city ofWashington, District of Columbia, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in a Ventilating- Hatchwayfor Ventilating and WarmingShips; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilledin the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, referencebeing bad to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures ofreference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to the warming apparatus for vessels, ships, 8m;and the object is to warm the air as it enters, and thus warm theinterior of a vessel in a more uniform and economical way thanheretofore; and the invention consists in the arrangement andconstruction of parts, as will be more fully described hereinafter,reference being had to the accompanying drawings and letters ofreference marked thereon.

When the aspirating system of ventilation is employed-4. a, when by somemechanical means the foul air is exhausted frointhe interior of aship-the fresh air is inducedthrough the hatchways, companion-ways,ladder-ways, air-ports, 850., and these various currents of air followthe direction of least resistance-- 41. 0., to the nearest opening ofthe exhaustconduit--and escape. Any person or object between one of thefresh-air openings and a conduitopening will be necessarily in a draftof air at or near the temperature of the external atmosphere, eventhough the interior of the ship may be provided with the usualsteamradiators.

In order to warm the interior of a vessel with the usual radiatorsduring cold weather, the vessel being provided with mechanicalaspirating machinery, a large number of radiators would be essential andmuch room would be taken up by them. Therefore, to obviate thesedifficulties, I have invented hollow hatchcoamings which shall containand inclose, either wholly or partially, a steam-heater.

Figure 1 is a transverse section of the skylight, with its heaterinclosed in the metallic hollow coamings of the hatch, and the arrowsshow the direction of the air as induced by the aspiratin g machinery inthe ship through the holes in the coamings. These holes are placedeither on top, or near thetop, of the coamings, in order to be morereadily covered by a tarpaulin in battening down, and also to be removedfrom the swash of the water in washing down the deck. The ordinary glasswindow is used in this skylight. In this figure I have shown a fragmentof the deck and deckbeams of a ship with the skylight in place. Fig. 2is a longitudinal elevation of the skylight, showing the inlet air-holesand its arrangement on deck. Fig. 3 is a plan of the skylight. Theleft-hand portion of Fig. 3 shows the top of the coamings removed,displaying the heater-pipes, while the right-hand portion shows a realplan with the skylight closed. Fig. 4 is a register for regulating thesize of the inlet air-holes, and Fig. 5 is a vertical cross-section ofFig. 4. Fig. 6 is a sliding gate for the same purpose, and Fig. 7 is avertical cross-section of Fig. 6.

Having described each of the figures in the drawings I will describe theoperation of the arrangement.

The exhausting machinery in the ship being started, currents of air areinduced through the holes h h h, Figs. 1 and 2, while steam from theboiler is forced into the pipes 19 or heater, the hot surfaces of whichwill warm the passing air.

Having thus described the invention and its uses, what I claim anddesire to secure by 'Letters Patent, is-

1. A steam-heater inclosed in the coamings of a hatchway, companion-way,or ladder-way, or in the lining of an air-port or other orifice in thedeck or side of a ship, by which air induced by a method of aspirationwill be warmed as it enters the vessel, substantially as specified.

' 2. The combination of a hatch having hollow coamings with a glassskylight, substantially as specified.

3. The combination of a skylight having air-holes in its hatch-coamingswith registers for the regulation of the admission of air, substantiallyas specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

Gr. W. B'AIRD.

